Category: Creative writing

Best Tips from the Writing Brave Summit             

~ The Regal Writer ~ Leave a comment
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Recently, I attended The Writing Brave Summit, a virtual meeting hosted by Brooke Adams Law. The event featured interviews and webinars by authors, editors and publishing experts who shared insights and tips about writing. The summit covered fiction, non-fiction and memoir writing so participants could pick and choose the sessions that they were most interested in.

As a fiction writer, I walked away armed with renewed enthusiasm for my work. I’ve compiled some of the best tips I heard from these professionals and share them with you below. Hopefully, they can help you as much as they’ve helped me.

Tip 1: If your story is stuck, it may be a problem with your protagonist not the plot. It’s not about raising the temperature in the story or adding a new plot twist, said editor and book coach Daniel David Wallace. What may be needed is to raise the temperature on your protagonist. Make sure your main character is fully engaged with the action, making decisions for good or bad about what to do next. That will keep the story moving forward. Focus on developing the character first, including goals and motivation, then develop the plot.

Tip 2: Write scenes from perspective of one POV character. It’s easier to write a story when you have one Point-of-view character per scene, said Savannah Bilbo, developmental editor and book coach. When you switch POVs within a scene with no defined break, it can be confusing for the reader.

Within each scene, give the POV character a goal, something they want to achieve. That could be getting advice from a friend or gathering some key information or take care of a problem. Also make sure the POV character has agency, that they are the one dealing with the conflict and making decisions.  Without that mini-goal and decision-making role, the character isn’t realistic and can’t engage with the action of the story (which piggybacks onto my previous point.)

Tip 3: Use interiority to get into the mind and heart of the POV character. Make sure the POV character reacts internally to everything that happens in the scene, not just what they think and feel, but what they plan to do about the problem they face, said Karyn Fischer with Story and Prose. Interiority matters for several reasons:

  • It provides context for the action
  • It’s the inside story
  • It leads to character transformation.
  • It allows readers to feel the emotion
  • It allows readers to follow the logic of the POV character
  • It connects to the character’s voice

    Tip 4: Create conflict between characters by developing opposing personality traits. Writer and book coach Kat Caldwell described the Big 5 personality traits of POV characters: conscientiousness (highly vigilant vs. complacent), agreeableness (People pleaser vs. cranky curmudgeon), Extraversion (outgoing and engaging vs. reserved), neuroticism as a reaction to stress (anxious/worrier vs. laid-back); and openness to new experiences (willing to try anything new vs. fearing change of any kind)

To use the Big 5, Caldwell suggested creating a main POV character who is out of balance with one of these personality traits. Then develop a side character or secondary lead character with the opposite trait. Alternately, you can choose a different imbalance for a side character. For example, a POV character that ranks high in agreeableness and wants to please people while her best friend is more open to change and will try anything new and thus encourage the POV character to try new things.

Tip 5: Try intuitive outlining to plan your story. If you’re not a fan of plotting or using formulas to plan your story, try intuitive outlining. This is a hybrid approach that combines the power of your own innate creativity and intuition with a loose, flexible plotting structure.

Not everyone has the ability to plan their story from scene A to scene B to scene C. Maybe you think of individual scenes but you’re not sure in which order they should be presented.  That’s okay, says Lewis Jorstad, The Novel Smithy.

“Our brains have a natural way of telling stories,” he said. Over our lifetimes, our brain has acquired an  innate sense of storytelling because it’s been exposed to different stories over the years—through books, movies, TV shows, verbal exchanges, author readings, blogs and social media, podcasts, etc. We’ve all learned how to tell stories. We just may not understand how to put them together.  

In intuitive outlining, the focus is on developing scenes as you think of them rather than developing them to fit some kind of pre-ordained formula. You let your intuition guide you.

That leads into Tip 6.

Tip 6: Think and write scenes rather than chapters. Scenes are where the action takes place while chapters are merely arbitrary breaks in the story and can sometimes contain more than one scene, which can make it difficult to work with and reorganize.

Because scenes are smaller, self-contained pieces, that makes them easier to write. They’re like puzzle pieces that can be mixed and matched and moved around. Jorstad suggests writing scenes as you think of them, then arranging them in the order they might appear in your story. Then if you see gaps in the story’s action, write additional scenes as needed, but not to complete some arbitrary formula.

Do any of these tips resonate with you? Have you learned any cool writing techniques that have helped transform your writing?

Writing Advice from Agents and Published Authors

~ The Regal Writer ~ Leave a comment
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It’s the dog days of summer, and I’ve gotten a bit lazy. The last thing I want to do this week is research and write a new and lengthy blog post.

Still, there is so much valuable insights and advice to share about the writing process. So this week, I’ve compiled some of the best tips from literary agents and published authors as they shared with the editors of Writers Digest magazine. After all, we can all use a little bit of help, no matter where we are in the writing process.

Enjoy! And have a safe holiday weekend.

Advice from published authors:

“….. write the thing that you feel urgently compelled to write. Write the thing that you feel drawn to write, and write it in a way that only you can do it and trust your instincts.
Brandon Taylor, author, The Late Americans

“There’s no need to plan everything out beforehand. Part of the fun is setting up high stakes without knowing the outcome. This way you’ll be right there with your protagonist, struggling to come up with solutions, even as the walls close in deliciously around you.”
Julia Bartz, novelist, The Writing Retreat

“But self-doubt is incredibly valuable. If you didn’t ever doubt yourself, you’d be a psychopath. Sometimes doubt is what helps me as a writer say, ‘This isn’t working right.’”
Chuck Wendig, author, Gentle Writing Advice: How to Be a Writer Without Destroying Yourself

“One thing I value about writing and publishing is that it’s not as ageist as some other industries. It’s hard to become a movie star maybe at 50…. It [publishing] is something you can break through at any time. There is room for reinvention, whether that means emotional reinvention, new opportunity, or just room for growth.”
Steven Rowley, author, The Guncle Abroad

“…find as many writer friends as you can because these are the people who will completely, 100 percent understand how difficult it is to break into publishing…Reach out and find your community.”
Jesse Q Sutano, author, Dial A for Aunties

“Understand that your book is a product that needs to garner broad support… Make sure you have a core group of diverse test readers who will give you honest feedback. It doesn’t mean they’re always right, but if half of our test readers think the beginning of your book is slow, you probably need to revise it.”
Pamela Samuels Young, author, Anybody’s Daughter

“…when people ask me my advice about these things, I say, write a novella, write a short story. Be wild and free and be able to accept failure by your own terms before you commit to spending three or four or five years on something that might fail.”
Ian McEwan, author, Atonement

“You need to give yourself permission to be bad when you are drafting… This is where you need to embrace the suck. Let yourself be bad. It’s okay. Everybody’s first drafts are bad. My first drafts are terrible, but once you have a bad first draft down, you can fix it. You can edit it, you can polish it up….”
Kate Quinn, author, The Diamond Eye

“There are so many things you can worry about when you’re writing that are all irrelevant… The important thing is a book that you write is your book and it’s you, and you put yourself into it and don’t listen to any of the interference from anywhere else in the world.”
Lisa Jewell, author, The Night She Disappeared

“I’m a big believer in being in a workshop or class, working with other writers, which is not to say to just take anybody’s advice. When you’re in a classroom or a seminar, it makes you write because you know you’re going to go there Thursday. It kind of forces you to do the work.”
Alice Hoffman, author, Practical Magic

“But the thing I always say to writers is that you never should forget the lame that made you want to write this. It is better to have a strangely proportioned beast that burns and is alive and stalks across the page than a perfection proportioned corpse on the page. That is what you run into the danger of. It’s possible from too much feedback [and] too much confusion that you wind up taking out whatever is at the heart of your work.”
Jean Kwok, author, Girl in Translation

“Find a way to make your writing process a discipline in the way that musicians practice their instrument.”
Tommy Orange, author, There There

“Characters live in the moments of quiet we often rush to yell over, so take some time to let them be heard.”
Mazey Eddings, author, A Brush with Love

“If you want to make a living as a writer, approach it like a business from the start. You wouldn’t open a corner store without a business plan—don’t just wing it for your author business!”
Jessie Kwak, author, Ghost Pirate Gambit

“The biggest thing is to read a lot so you can innately understand story structure. This even comes from watching movies and TV, and thinking about why it was great and what points did it hit and what aspects of it resonated with you….”
Alyssa Cole, author, One of Us Knows

Advice from literary agents:

“Share your work with multiple readers. Consider their feedback, especially their questions. Heed only the advice that resonates. Save a few readers for subsequent drafts so they can have fresh eyes to catch anything you or your regular readers might miss.”
Jennifer March Soloway, Andrea Brown Literary Agency

“As an agent, I want to fall under your spell. I want to read past my bedtime, be haunted by your work, be captivated, lifted, [and] spirited away by your story. If your work can deliver this magic, it makes me envision all of the opportunities we can conjure together to make the ultimate connection to the readers.”
Rachel Letofsky, CookeMcDermid Agnecy

“Remember you are interviewing the agent as much as (if not more than) they ae interviewing you. Bring a list of questions and don’t be afraid to ask tough ones.”
Kesia Lupo, The Bindery Agency.

“A rejection does not mean that your writing sucks. It simply means it’s not a good fit for that particular agent. You need to find your match, someone who clicks with your book in a unique way that’s not unlike dating.”
Rachel Beck, Liza Dawson Associates

“Know what kind of writer you are: a sprinter or a marathoner, and let yourself be that kind of writer. Don’t be afraid you’ll forget your great idea. If it’s a great idea, it’ll stick to your ribs no matter how much you try to shake it off.”
Liz Parker, Verve Talent and Literary

“The key to success is being delusional enough to think that what you write is necessary, but humble enough to listen to informed feedback.”
Michael W. Bourret, Dystel, Goderich & Bourret, LLC

“Remember that ideas are cheap! You are more than one project, and there is inspiration everywhere if you look for it.”
Molly Ketcheson, Wolfson Literary Agency

“Being able to say what your novel is about in one or two sentences really helps. It’s not a question about what ‘happens’ in a novel, but it’s a question about what the heart of the novel is.”
Catherine Cho, Paper Literary

“Writing should be fun. If you’re getting to a place where it’s not anymore, take a break and let yourself fall in love with your writing again.”
Saffron Dodd, Ash Literary

Cultivating the Power of Observation for Better Character Development

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I remember back when I was in college, I took a speech class my freshman year. It was one of my favorite classes, and I loved our teacher (though I forget her name now).

One morning early in the semester, the lecture was interrupted by a former student who rushed into the classroom in a rage. He got in the teacher’s face, wanting to know why she had given him a bad grade the previous semester. She did her best to calm him down. As she escorted him from the room, she promised to discuss the issue with him after class.

My classmates and I witnessed this brief and intense exchange with a mixture of curiosity and puzzlement. We didn’t know what to make of it.

Once the former student left the room, our instructor asked us to take out a piece of paper and pen (this was way before computers) . She proceeded to ask a series of questions: What color was the student’s shirt? What was his hair color? How tall was he? Was he wearing a hat? What kind of shoes was he wearing?

There were only about 10 questions, but her intention became clear. Were we paying attention to the details? Her point? In a crisis or when witnessing a dramatic event, like a public argument, most people focus on the words that are said and how they’re spoken rather than the finer details of someone’s appearance.

People love watching other people and the events in their lives, from a car crash to a heated argument between people. We can’t help but be sucked into the drama. But that doesn’t necessarily mean they’re very good at recalling details. Yet in writing and in life, it’s a valuable skill. Those powers of observation can be useful when you’re a witness to a crime or simply people watching at the beach. You never know when you might need to relay those details, whether for a police investigation or for writing a mystery or memoir.  

This practice is also helpful for writers when developing their characters from the inside out. It’s not just the physical characteristics to be aware of, but also their facial expressions and gestures, the way they move and their mindset and attitude. It can help you form the foundation of each character’s personality.  

When quietly observing people, there are six areas to focus on. Each one can help you develop multi-dimensional characters.

Physical attributes. This might be the easiest to make a note of when observing people, though not always. Pay attention to the basics. If you see someone interesting on the street, note things like height, weight, hair color, skin tone, eye color, whether they’re wearing eyeglasses or sunglasses. Do they have thick, bushy eyebrows, or are they plucked thin? Does the woman wear lipstick, and if so, what color?

Think about how your own characters might appear if another person was observing them. Think also about how their physical attributes can define who they are as characters.

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Clothing. Next, pay attention to how your observed subjects are dressed. Are they wearing a suit and tie or a dress, or more casually in jeans and a T-shirt? One indicates someone heading to a business meeting or a formal dinner, while the second person might be a student or someone going out to a movie. What kind of shoes are they wearing? Are they spiky high heels or casual flats? Do they wear glasses or contacts? Are they wearing a windbreaker or sweater? Is there head covered?

Think about how your own characters are dressed. Does their dress show who they are or what they do for a living? If your character loves music or attending concerts, for example, have them wear concert T-shirts of their favorite band. Are they an athlete? Have them wear athletic shoes and a baseball cap.  

Nonverbal cues. Think about facial expressions and hand gestures. When you observe people, do their eyebrows rise up on their forehead when they’re surprised? Do they talk with their hands, or do they lay still at their sides when they speak? Do they smile a lot, and does that smile reach their eyes? What do their hands look like? Are they rough and callused because they work outdoors, or are they smooth and polished as if they’ve never lifted a finger to do housework? Do they have other types of body behaviors, like constant blinking, twirling their hair, pursing their lips? These small movements can give you an idea about a character’s mindset in your own stories.

Body language and movement. When you study your subject, look at how they move their body. Are they seated or standing? Are they seated upright in rapt attention, or are they slouched or hunched over at their desk? Are they sitting back against their chair, or leaning forward as if to hear every word their companion is saying? Are their movements swift, or slow and careful? Do they limp, or walk slowly and gingerly as if their limbs ache? Or are they racing ahead as if they’re running late? You can tell a lot about a person’s age, health and mindset by paying attention to their body movements. Sometimes it says more about what’s on their minds than the words they say.

Behavior alone vs. with other people. People tend to behave differently when they’re alone than when they’re around other people. For example, at first glance, a young woman traveling alone with a furrowed brow might be worried about something in her personal life, like a doctor appointment or an exam at school. But the same young woman out to dinner with friends may be livelier and more engaged.

Similarly, people behave differently around different groups of people. A child might be quieter, more sullen at home around his overbearing parents, while at school he’s more animated around his classmates. When writing your characters, think about how they behave in different situations. Who are they with and how do they behave around those people? How do they behave when they’re alone?

Possessions/accessories. When you observe people, take note of any unusual possessions or accessories they have with them. Do they carry a briefcase, a purse, a shopping bag or a backpack? Any one of those things can tell you something about your character. Someone with a backpack could be going to a job, school, or the library. Are they carrying books inside that backpack, the manuscript they’re working on, or sheet music? Are they staring into their mobile phones as they walk down the street? Are they listening to music on headphones? What do the headphones look like, and what kind of music do you think they’re listening to? Are they wearing any jewelry? Are they checking their wristwatch? They might be running late for a meeting. Are they walking a dog? Perhaps they’re carrying a pet carrier with a small bird or cat inside. A person’s accessories can tell a lot about a person’s career, hobbies and interests. When writing, think about what accessories your characters has and what they might say about that person.

By increasing your power of observation, you can learn a lot about a person, or at least come close to the truth. Use those refined people-watching skills to create fully-developed characters for your own stories.

Retelling Classic Novels and Fairytales

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Once upon a time, many years ago I watched a performance of Beauty and the Beast in a small theater-in-the-round. I was about nine or ten years old at the time, and I remember how I fell in love with Belle, her love of books and how she was first captured as a prisoner then fell in love with the Beast who was her captor. I didn’t know it then, but that portrayal of Beauty and the Beast was a modern retelling, and in fact, has been retold countless times over the years.

I had a similar experience when I read Wicked when the book was published. I remember being so intrigued by the premise, which retells the story of The Wizard of Oz from the witch’s perspective. I thought the reimagined premise was unique and compelling, and the story did not disappoint.  

There have been many retellings since, either in published book form, on the big screen, even on stage. And the retellings aren’t just based on fairy tales and folk tales. Classic novels have also been retold in countless ways, such Little Women and Pride and Prejudice. Here are a few I’ve come across:

*While Beauty Slept by Elizabeth Blackwell, part historical fiction and part retelling of the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty;

* Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine, based on Cinderella. (And if you really want to be entertained, check out the silent film Ella Cinders, also a retelling starring Colleen Moore);

* The Court of Thorns and Roses by Sarah J. Maas, which adapts parts of Beauty and the Beast, the Norwegian folktale East of the Sun and West of the Moon, and the Scottish legend of Tam Lin.

* On stage, Chicago’s Joffrey Ballet performs a reimagined version of The Nutcracker set in Chicago in the late 1880s in the home of a migrant family that has come to work on the construction for the 1893 World’s Fair.

What makes these retellings so popular and compelling is in the way they bring familiar characters, settings and themes together with unique twists and turns that move the original story in directions we never imagined. It shows once again how one story can be told in different ways.  

How does one go about retelling a classic novel, fairy tale or folk tale without damaging the original intent of the story? How do you create something that’s unique and compelling without borrowing too heavily from the original text?

Annie Cardi, author of Red (based on The Scarlet Letter), writes in Writers Digest suggests that you begin by finding key aspects of the original story that call to you. Is there a character that is memorable? Is there a scene that stays with you? Use that aspect as the central piece to create an entirely new story. You don’t have to use every single element of the original either. If there’s part of the plot or a character that doesn’t work for you, leave it out.

Consider, too, how and why your version of the story needs to be told. Are you telling the story from a different character’s point of view, one that readers may not have considered, such as was done in Wicked? Or are you changing the setting to draw on different themes or to describe current social and cultural issues, such as the reimagined choreography for The Nutcracker?

The retelling should be somewhat recognizable to the original, either through a loose retelling or a close retelling, writes Hannah Kate Kelley on the Jane Friedman blog. In a loose retelling, the main plot diverts from the original story, but keeps many of the characters, events and themes. A good example of this is While Beauty Slept by Elizabeth Blackwell, which describes what really happens within the kingdom when Beauty is put to sleep — and why. On the other hand, a close retelling sticks close to the plot but changes out characters, events and even points of view.

Kelley also says that while retellings aren’t considered theft, they should be legally created. Make sure the work you are adapting isn’t violating copyright or intellectual property laws. Check the public domain (or Commons as it is called) to see if the creative work is listed, which means it is no longer protected under intellectual copyright laws. As long as no one owns the copyright, writers and creatives are free to adapt the piece and reproduce it in any way. That’s why folk tales and fairy tales are often used for retellings because no one owns the copyright to them.

Rules differ from country to country, however, so you’ll have to do your due diligence. In fact, before doing any writing, check the Commons to see if the work you want to retell is listed there.

If you do decide to tackle a retelling, Kelley offers several approaches to reimagining the story.

  • Tell the same story from a different existing character, or create a new character to tell the story.
  • Tell the story from the antagonist’s perspective and turn them into your new protagonist.
  • Provide a cultural lens to the retelling by exploring issues of race, class and gender.
  • Put the main characters in a new setting or era.
  • Switch up genres, like Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, which is retold as a horror story.

    Whether bringing a classic novel into the modern era or rewriting a fairy tale from a different character’s point of view, modern retellings and adaptations can open up creative new ways to tell your stories and entertain your readers.

For another look at how to craft a modern retelling, check out this interview with fantasy authors Sarah J. Maas and Heather Lyons.

Writing the Hidden Identity Trope

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Last week, I posted this story about writing fish-out-of-water stories—stories about people who find themselves in unfamiliar surroundings and circumstances and struggle to fit in. Another trope I enjoy reading is the hidden identity, in which the protagonist hides some aspect of themselves to achieve a certain goal. I’ve always liked the suspense that builds as the character strives to keep their secret self hidden from others.

These characters lead double lives, with one foot in one setting and the other foot in another. They choose to conceal their true identities to protect themselves or the ones they love.

You probably recognize the secret identity trope from popular culture.

  • In adventure and superhero stories, our hero often poses as a regular guy or gal on the street. Think of Superman’s Clark Kent who works for the local newspaper and meets his love interest, Lois Lane.
  • In mystery novels and spy thrillers, the hero goes undercover to investigate a crime. This might be especially true for amateur sleuths who often disguise themselves to get close to their target.
  • In fantasy and science fiction, the hero must often hide an aspect of themselves to protect themselves from a terrible, untimely demise. Harry Potter, for instance, must hide his magic powers when he returns home to his muggle parents, though they make it difficult for him to do so.
  • In romance, the protagonist hides some aspect of themselves that they perceive interferes with their ability to find true love. For example, a prince or princess lives among commoners to escape their royal duties, or an heiress who hides her wealthy upbringing to seem more normal and attract someone who will love her for who she is not for her money.    
  • In literary fiction, a character may adopt a new persona to hide from danger. The Nightingale by Kristin Hannah comes to mind. Protagonist Isabelle becomes an underground messenger known by her code name The Nightingale to support the Allies during World War II.

According to First Draft Pro blog, the hidden identity trope explores themes of privacy, nature of self, duality and the consequences of leading a double life. There is often the conflict between the public face presented to others versus the personal self that those closest to you know best.

Like fish-out-of-water stories, hidden identity tropes resonate with the human experience. After all, who hasn’t presented a different persona in public settings while keeping their personal identity hidden? Why else would Halloween be such a popular holiday? Because it allows people to disguise their true selves and adopt a new persona that may be truly different from who they really are.

So how should you write these hidden identity stories? There are different approaches you can take that can build suspense while making your character relatable.

Approach 1: The Surprise Reveal
In this scenario, when the character’s true identity is revealed toward the end of the story, it usually surprises other characters and readers. It makes for a great plot twist. Jodi Picoult’s Leaving Time has one of the best and most surprising plot twists when readers discover the true identity of one of the main characters. It moves the story in an entirely new direction.

Approach 2:  Going Along for the Ride
Readers know the true identity of the protagonist early on, even though other characters haven’t learned about it yet. Readers are taken along for the ride as the protagonist fights to keep his identity hidden. Superhero stories are constructed this way. In Superman, we know who Clark Kent is long before Lois Lane does.  

Approach 3: Everybody’s in the Act
In this scenario, each of the main characters is hiding some aspect of themselves or guarding a secret. One by one, each of their secret identities is revealed. In Hallmark Channel’s The Christmas Train, for example, during a long cross country train ride, we learn about the cast of characters which include several actors hired by a scheming director to push the two romantic leads together. Other characters not involved in the plot have their own secret identities, including one woman who is actually a private investigator trying to uncover a string of thefts on the train.

When done well, the hidden identity trope can create suspense and keep your readers guessing about what secret the character is hiding and who your character really is.

To learn more about the hidden identity trope in romance stories, check out this post by Seacrow Books.

Entertain Readers with “Fish out of Water” Stories

~ The Regal Writer ~ 1 Comment

One of the most commonly used tropes in story telling is the “fish out of water.” When written well, it can produce some laughs and high entertainment value for your readers. 

A “fish out of water” entails a person who is suddenly thrust into an unfamiliar world and faces numerous challenges when they try to fit in. They have to learn new rules of behavior, sometimes adopt a new dress code, and learn the language of the locals. Sometimes they can be at such a loss about what they’re supposed to do that they make things up as they go along. It can present some uncomfortable and hilarious moments.

You likely will recognize the trope from numerous movies, TV series and fiction. Think of Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz who wakes up after a tornado in Munchkin Land. Or Harry Potter who is transported to Hogwarts and is introduced to the world of magic. Or Mork, the extraterrestrial in the 70s sitcom Mork and Mindy whose errant spaceship lands on Earth.

The “fish out of water” story isn’t just for fantastical stories like Harry Potter and The Wizard of Oz. There are numerous examples you’ll find in everyday life.

  • In Hallmark Channel’s Summer in the City, a young woman with her own fashion business in a small Ohio town gets a job offer in New York City. How does she navigate life in the big city?
  • In The Beach at Painter’s Cove by Shelley Noble (which I just finished reading), a wealthy family suddenly loses their fortune and must figure out ways to earn a living.
  • In Open House by Elizabeth Berg, a middle-aged woman whose 20-year marriage ends in divorce. How does she navigate life as a divorcee?
  • A young pianist who loses a hand in a freak accident and must re-learn how to play using a prosthetic hand. (I made this one up.)

You get the idea.

Funny thing is, we’ve all been in situations ourselves where we felt like the fish out of water—starting a new job, getting married, getting divorced, having a baby, moving to a big city or a small town, winning the lottery, etc. In each of these scenarios, we experience that feeling of not knowing what we’re doing and needing guidance to simply survive. We want so much to fit in that we inadvertently stumble over our efforts, sometimes with embarrassing, if not humorous results.

That’s what makes these stories so relatable. Because we’ve all been there. We all know those moments of embarrassment of being found out, the secret fears of not fitting in. Of stumbling over new rules of behavior, like not understanding why you can’t utter the name of Lord Voldemort or how a modest Midwestern girl should hail a cab in Manhattan.

It’s also what makes these stories so fun to read and write. There are so many scenarios to show how complicated and challenging life becomes when your protagonist is thrown in the deep end of the pool and they must fend for themselves. Learning to live in this new world is the basis for your story, and how your protagonist deals with the trials and triumphs of adjusting is the basis of their character arc. It’s how we see them grow and adapt over time.

(Test yourself. Check out my latest writing prompt on my website, or create your own fish-out-of-water story.)

Being a fish out of water pertains to our writing careers too. Think about the situations you’ve found yourself in where you felt out of your element:
 
* Writing in a new genre that you’ve never written before.
* Attending a writer’s conference for the first time (in person, not on Zoom), surrounded by strangers.
* Approaching an editor about your latest project when you’ve never dealt with an editor before
* When you attempt to write in the first place
* Self-publishing your first novel

Being a “fish out of water” means trying new things, experimenting with different ideas. Visit places you’ve never seen, take a class, start a hobby, join a club. Don’t be afraid of embarrassing yourself when you find yourself in unfamiliar territory.

Feeling like a “fish out of water” is as common as breathing. Embrace the feelings of newness, of being the odd man out. Sure, it feels uncomfortable at first, but it can inspire stories of new adventures to entertain your readers.

Protagonists Behaving Badly

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Remember to check out the latest writing prompt on my website!

I’ve noticed an interesting trend in the books I’ve been reading lately. More and more, I’m reading stories with protagonists who aren’t the most likeable people on earth.

I’m not sure if it’s the types of books I’m reading, or that my self-study of writing has made me more aware of characters behaving badly. Perhaps I’m letting my moral compass dictate which characters I should and should not like. In any case, over the past year and a half, I’ve come across numerous protagonists with questionable habits and decision-making capabilities. Some of them I wouldn’t want to hang out with, let alone share a glass of wine.

I don’t necessarily like the term “unlikeable” in this sense. It implies that the character has no redeeming qualities, which is often not true. In you’re familiar with the Save the Cat storytelling method, writers are encouraged to give even the most awful villains some positive trait to balance out their personality. For example, after your character robs a bank and stabs a bank teller, he might come home and play with his two German Shepherds, a scene that shows his softer side.

Writing an unlikeable or unreliable protagonist isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Their flawed personalities might create chaos for the people around them and for themselves. Without their flaws, you wouldn’t have a story arc, an interesting, well-founded protagonist or conflict and tension that can keep readers reading.

Unlikeable protagonists can still be people we root for in the end. They can still earn our respect, even our compassion. It’s not always easy, but it can be done.

By my count, there are at least seven types of unlikeable protagonists (known in publishing as the anti-hero, which conjures up the song by Taylor Swift.) These characters simply get in their own way. I’ve listed them below along with a corresponding example.

1. Protagonists who don’t act their own age. These Immature characters act more like bratty teenagers than the mature adult they should be. Their behavior and decision making sets them up for trouble.

Example: The Girl I Was by Geneva Rose

2. A clingy protagonist or one involved in a co-dependent relationship. These individuals are so closely intertwined with another person that they lose sight of who they are and who the other person is. They’re so afraid of the future that they cling to the other person. Yet, they don’t recognize how the relationship has stifled their own existence.

Example: One Italian Summer by Rebecca Serle.

3. Protagonists with an addiction. Characters with an addiction to drugs and/or alcohol can find themselves in all sorts of trouble because their addition often clouds their perceptions and judgment. At their harshest moments, it can be difficult to feel anything for them. But of course, that is the basis of their conflict. Can they begin to resolve their conflicts despite the impact of their addictions?

Example: The Woman in Cabin 10 by Ruth Ware.

4. Protagonists who are unwilling to change their ways despite the truths they have faced. In a typical character arc, the character should experience some growth from point A to point F. But sometimes, the character doesn’t change much, no matter what they have learned or experienced in the story. Rather than embrace the changes that the plot begs them to accept, there is some aspect that scares them so much that they run and return to their old way of life.  

Example: Vanishing Acts by Jodi Picoult

5. A protagonist with an obsessive personality. After tragedy strikes or a personal crisis, the protagonist focuses all their time and attention on fighting a cause or in caring for another person. But when that character becomes so obsessed with that they lose sight of their own needs or the needs of other people in their lives, it can create unbreakable bonds. Only when a crisis occurs with other characters do they realize that their life is out of balance.

Example: Handle with Care by Jodi Picoult

6. A protagonist who treats others with disdain and arrogance. It’s hard to like someone who treats others like they’re dirt. At first glance, they may not have any redeeming qualities. Yet, if you look more closely, they usually do, and it’s usually buried under a veneer of anger or sadness or loneliness. Take, for example, Carrie Soto might be standoffish and arrogant around her competitors, but you have to admire her work ethic, her single-minded determination to win every tournament, and most important, her devotion to her father.

Example: Carrie Soto is Back by Taylor Jenkins-Reid

7. A character who takes advantage of the good, kind nature of a friend or loved one. These individuals have learned to live off of others, whether it’s because they grew up in poverty and never had enough growing up, or they believe they’re entitled to other people’s possessions. In other cases, they are starved for love and affection and believe they can get it by needing the help of others. Their neediness and manipulation can cause a lot of strife between characters. Sometimes the friendship survives.

Example: Best Friends Forever by Jennifer Weiner

By observing these characters’ struggles, we learn to empathize with these flawed characters. After all, we all have our own demons to slay. Why shouldn’t your own protagonists have them too? Let them reflect the people you meet in the real world, people who have their own private struggles, whether it’s dealing with grief, an addiction, job loss, a divorce, or a health crisis. That’s what makes these unlikeable characters a little more likeable—their relatability.

Writing experts offer a few suggestions for making these characters work well in your stories, despite their flaws.

1. Make them relatable. Give them problems to overcome, with their flaws acting as barriers to their resolution.

2. Give them redeemable qualities. Allow their humanity to show through. Give them a quality people will respect. For example, the playground bully who goes home every day and plays with his dog.

3. Show how they became flawed. Whether it’s through backstory or it’s a part of the novel’s set up, show how your protagonist became the person they are.

4. Sometimes, it’ not about the character’s personality but about their decision making process. It may be that you don’t agree with the decisions they make, whether they’re right or wrong.

Writing and reading about an unlikeable character can be both fun and enlightening. Just don’t take them too seriously; they are only fictionalized people, after all. Remember that all characters are flawed in one sense or another. As readers, we can learn to empathize with their struggles, no matter how likeable they may be.

Finding Your Creative Writing Niche

~ The Regal Writer ~ 3 Comments
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Editor’s note: I’m tied up with assignments this week, so please enjoy this reposted article from 2021.

When I first embarked on my writing journey, it was a challenge to shift from writing magazine features and website content to creative writing. It was a far cry from the business world, where the criteria was set by employers and clients. I had to shift from writing for business to creating whole new worlds in fiction.

Part of the challenge of being a creative writer is finding a niche. It’s deciding what kind of creative writing I wanted to do and what I was best suited for. Did I want to focus only on novels, or were short stories more my thing? Maybe I was drawn to the soul-baring essence of creative non-fiction, or the challenge of tackling a 100,000-word novel. Or would I be better suited for flash fiction where stories rarely exceed 1000 words? When I first dove into the creative writing pool, I thought I knew what I was doing. After all, I’d already had magazine features published and had received positive feedback about my writing from teachers and editors.

But I quickly realized there was a lot I didn’t understand. It was necessary for me to start from the beginning – to take classes, read up on story telling technique, and most important, to practice, practice, practice. I experimented with different writing styles. I attempted several novels as well as short stories and, more recently, novellas. I’ve submitted essays to competitions and sought feedback from writer’s groups. It’s all been part of a learning, growing process.

I’m still working toward finishing my current novel in the hopes it will one day be published. But I also understand that it takes more than talent to get there. It takes grit and determination and perseverance. It takes a consistent writing practice.

Here’s how you can find your own creative writing niche.

1. It’s important to read a lot, and to read a variety. In his book, On Writing, Stephen King says the best way to learn about writing is to read and to read widely. That’s how you learn how to craft stories, develop plot and character, create suspense and satisfy readers. By reading, you naturally absorb authors’ writing styles and adapt to your own. By reading, you also notice what works well in storytelling, and what doesn’t. Reading other authors’ works is a must to advance your own writing aspirations.

2. Know who you are as a writer and what you stand for. Julie Anne England of the Self-Publishing School says it’s important to assess yourself – your interests, your strengths and weaknesses, and your writing goals. That means understanding what you can tolerate in the world at large and what you can’t. Maybe writing critique groups aren’t your thing. Not everyone is cut out for them. Maybe you feel more inspired by writing in a semi-public place where there are other people nearby so you don’t feel so alone while you write. Or maybe you prefer to write at home alone. England advises writers to “be true to who you are. Trying to be someone you’re not will only impede your progress.”

3. Pay attention to the feedback you receive. Whether you get feedback from a writing buddy, a coach, a boss, or your website audience, pay attention to what they tell you. Do they like the way you describe a scene or the way you draw your characters? Conversely, are they confused by your plot structure or is your protagonist flat, lacking in emotion and personality? Then use their feedback to improve your work.

4. Learn as much as you can about the writing craft. Whether you’re just beginning your writing journey or you’ve traveled this road for some time, it’s important to keep learning. Readers’ tastes and publishers’ needs constantly change, so what was popular a year ago may be obsolete in another year or two. You need to stay on top of the publishing trends. Further, by keeping up with your professional development, you keep your skills fresh and learn new story telling techniques. You show agents and editors that you are willing to do whatever it takes to produce the best story possible.

5. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different genres and writing styles. Maybe you’ve been writing narrative non-fiction, but you’d like to experiment with writing short stories. Don’t be shy about taking a workshop about short story writing. You may decide after completing one or two stories that it just isn’t right for you. That’s okay. At least you tried, and there may be some things you learned about the writing process that can be carried over to your essays. Don’t be afraid to experiment to see what works best for you.

6. Be flexible and open-minded. Don’t get locked into your niche or specialty because it will likely change over time, writes Shaunta Grimes at The Write Brain blog. For example, when I started my blog in 2016, I wrote about a variety of writing and communications topics because that was my professional background. As time went on and I gravitated toward more personal writing and less business communications, my blog reflected that shift. Now I focus almost exclusively on essays about the writing life with some posts about fiction writing thrown in. Allow your personal interests to dictate your path.

If you want to know more about what kind of writer archetype you are, check out this quiz at The Write Brain blog. (Note: You will need to create an account to read the article on Medium.) Find out if you are a Hesitater, a Skipper, a Spiller, a Teacher or an Artist. It will help you learn what you write and why. (Btw, I’m a teacher, which should be obvious from my blog.)

The beauty of creative writing is that there are multiple paths to choose from, and it’s not uncommon for writers to specialize in more than one genre or writing style. Finding that niche, however, depends on knowing who you are and what you have to offer readers. 

Reading What You Write: Tips for Presenting Your Written Work

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There may be times when you may be invited to read your work to an audience. Whether it’s reading to visitors at a local bookstore or presenting it in class to fellow aspiring writers, the thought of reading your work aloud can be unnerving if you’re not used to it. Writers, especially, can feel uncomfortable. Because they’re used to working alone and don’t have many opportunities to read to an audience.

However, reading for an audience offers several advantages. For starters, it can help you get used to facing an audience. It takes practice to feel comfortable speaking out loud. The more you do it, the better you will sound and the more confident you’ll feel.

Reading aloud can show you the rough spots in your writing. According to the University of North Carolina Writing Center, when reading aloud your work, your brain receives information in a new way so you tend to notice details you didn’t see when you read it silently. While most of their advice pertains to research papers, I think it’s relevant for fiction writing as well.

When reading aloud, the sequence of ideas in a research paper (or scenes in a story) should make sense to readers. You might notice gaps in explanations or narratives. Words might be left out. You might see awkward sentence structure, or sentences that are too long, confusing, repetitive or convoluted. You might find that the tone isn’t quite right for your piece. For example, the humor may not be appropriate or the jokes simply fall flat.  

Conversely, reading aloud can help you notice where your writing is strongest. You can tell when the story flows the way it should, and the dialogue is lively.  

Conquering your fear of reading out loud

There are two types of fears when reading out loud. One is the fear of facing an audience, whether they’re strangers or people you know. (Sometimes reading for people who know can be scarier than reading to a room full of strangers.)

The second fear is the fear of sharing your work. You fear people won’t like your work. We all have an inherent desire to be liked, so any semblance of negativity can make us lose confidence in our abilities even when those abilities are topnotch. No one likes receiving negative feedback or getting criticized. But to be stronger writers, sometimes we have to take the risk of reading our work to others. How else will we know if people will enjoy what we write?  

Writing experts offer a few tips for presenting your work.

* Read from a printed copy. Print out your manuscript rather than read from a computer. Seeing your work on a printed page might help you noticed errors you didn’t notice on the screen.

* Practice, practice, practice. Take a day or two to practice your reading. Note if there are any rough spots that you have difficulty getting past. Keep practicing, no matter how tired you get of reading it, so that the words flow easily. It might help to read in front of a mirror, a friend, even your pet dog.

* Pretend you’re someone else reading your work. This might seem tough to do, but some writers swear by this technique. Imagine you are someone else who is given the task of reading your work out loud, like a news anchor or your favorite actor. Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes can make you feel less self-conscious about facing an audience.

Tips for reading to a group

When it comes time to read for your audience, remember to do the following:

*Project your voice so everyone in the room can hear you. This is especially true if there is no microphone available. Speak clearly and enunciate your words. Avoid mumbling.

* Don’t rush through to the end. When you’re nervous about speaking to strangers, it’s easy to fall into the habit of speeding up when you need to slow down. People need and want to hear you, and they can’t do that if you’re racing ahead like you’re running in the Kentucky Derby.

* When you’re reading from your manuscript, be sure to look up often and make eye contact with your audience. It might help to focus on two or three friendlier faces, those who give nonverbal cues like smiling and nodding, so you know they’re paying attention.

Reading aloud is an often overlooked skill, but one that you can master and add to your skill set early in your writing career. When you finally publish your work, you’ll have the confidence to read your work with pride.  

Fiction in a Flash: The Basics of Writing Flash Fiction

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There seems to be two types of writers in this world. One enjoys taking their time telling their story, introducing characters, unveiling the plot, creating tension until they arrive at a (hopefully) satisfying ending. The second takes the shorter route, where there are minimal characters and backstory, words used thoughtfully and expediently, and an ending that is often unexpected and profound..

As you may have guessed, the first type is a novelist, while the second excels at flash fiction. While their approaches to storytelling are wildly different, they both try to accomplish the same thing—entertain readers.

According to Writers.com, flash fiction “delivers a complete narrative with plot, characters and setting, in fewer than 1,500 words. It relies on efficient use of language and storytelling without inhibiting the story’s flow and impact.”

Writing flash fiction is the equivalent of writing one scene from a novel. But even that one scene must be complete with an inciting incident, conflict and resolution.

There are several types of flash fiction, depending on the length of the story. Traditional flash fiction is a maximum of 1,500 words while the shortest type is a six-word story. There are other types and lengths in between.  

Some writers might be put off by the idea of writing a story in less than 1500 words, believing that it can’t possibly be done—or be done well. Much like other writers are overwhelmed by the idea of writing a 90,000-word novel. If you have a short attention span or dread the thought of spending weeks or months writing a full-length novel, flash fiction might be worth experimenting with. It can also provide another creative outlet to complement your other writing projects.

What makes flash fiction unique and challenging is the restrictive nature of storytelling. Since you are limited by the length, you don’t have the luxury of expounding on details or characters. You really have to think carefully about how to develop your plot and the role of your characters. The key to writing flash fiction, suggest writing experts, is to plan your plot first to create the skeleton of your story, then fill in with the most critical descriptive details.  

Jericho Writers offers the following tips for writing flash fiction:

* Limit the number of characters to one or two people (sometimes three). Again, you don’t have the luxury of length and space to introduce a myriad of characters. If you’re used to writing novels, think of the flash fiction as the same length as a single scene that contains only a few characters.

* Deal with a single conflict. Focusing on one single conflict moves the story along at a brisker pace without going off on different tangents.

* Focus on one genre. Because you’re working with a limited word count, stick to one genre that will be easier to write a story that readers will be able to follow.

* Limit world building and scene setting. In a 1,500-word story, you may only have one or two scenes where the story takes place. Likewise, you won’t have time or space to have heavy descriptions of your world. You may have to limit the world-building to a couple of sentences.

* Make every word and sentence count. Avoid passive voice, which tends to add unnecessary words. Be succinct, and choose the best words that tell your story. Use descriptive, concise language.

* Start in the middle of the story. You won’t have the luxury of a long, introductory narrative filled with backstory, detailed setting and interior narration of your protagonist.

That seems like an awful lot to think about for a simple, 1500-word story, but as you can see, flash fiction is deceptively complex. Writers.com offers several more tips for writing flash fiction.

  1. Begin by plotting the story first. That creates the spine of the story. Then go back and fill in with description and figurative language to make the story more complete.
  2. End the story with a bang. Conclude with an unexpected and surprising ending that makes the reader think about the story long after they’ve finished reading it.
  3. Be a ruthless editor. Start with a draft, just as you would with any manuscript, then go back and cut, cut, and cut some more. Don’t be shy about axing entire paragraphs that read well but don’t move the story along.

Writing flash fiction can be more challenging with its numerous restrictions, but all that planning, plotting and editing you have to do can help you become a better writer when you’re ready to tackle larger projects.

For more information about flash fiction, check out these other sources:

Flash Fiction magazine
Flash Fiction Online
Writing flash fiction: a complete guide, Jericho Writers
The Benefits of Writing Flash Fiction, Jane Friedman.com